Voice (Active & Passive)

For simple (indefinite) verbs the passive is easy once one thing is remembered: the passive uses the same time as the active verb. The right form of be is written, followed by V3.

✔ Radhika teaches us. → We are taught by Radhika.
✔ He does not like me. → I am not liked by him.
✔ Radhika taught us. → We were taught by Radhika.
✔ He did not complete the work. → The work was not completed by him.
✔ Radhika will teach us. → We will be taught by Radhika.
✔ Radhika can teach us. → We can be taught by Radhika.

Three things to notice.

• Do, does and did disappear in the passive. The be form takes over their work.
• In a negative sentence, not now sits after the be form: was not completed.
• Will, shall and the modals stay as they are. Only be is added after them, so can teach becomes can be taught and never could be taught.

The new subject decides whether it is is/am/are or was/were. In She beats me the new subject is I, so the answer is I am beaten by her.

Lastly, V3 is not always the form that is first expected. Know the common ones: write–wrote–written, bite–bit–bitten, sing–sang–sung, speak–spoke–spoken, wear–wore–worn. Writing V2 where V3 is needed is the most common mistake.

✘ A letter was wrote by her. (use written)
✘ The little baby was bit by the insect. (use bitten)
✘ Did the work completed by him? (the passive has no did)

Here the passive adds one more word to the be group: being for the continuous and been for the perfect.

Continuous

✔ She is playing hockey. → Hockey is being played by her.
✔ She was playing hockey. → Hockey was being played by her.
✔ She will be playing hockey. → Hockey will be being played by her.
✔ You should be playing football (at this age) instead of hockey. → Football should be being played (by you) at this age instead of hockey.
✔ They are doing their work. → Their work is being done by them. (work is uncountable, so is.)

Perfect

✔ She has written the letter. → The letter has been written by her.
✔ She had written the letter. → The letter had been written by her.
✔ She will have written the letter (by now). → The letter will have been written by her (by now).
✔ She should have written the letter. → The letter should have been written by her.

Perfect continuous

✔ Astha has been writing a letter for two months. → A letter has been being written by Astha for two months.
✔ They had been building the house. → The house had been being built by them.

> The order is always been + being + V3. Writing being been is wrong.

The old verb group is kept and the right words are slotted in: for the continuous add being before V3, for the perfect add been before V3, and for the perfect continuous add both.

A word of caution about the exam. Forms like will be being and been being sound strange, and real English usually avoids them, so SSC sometimes avoids them in the options. Read all four options first. If one option keeps the tense and the V3 right, it is the key; and if an option says No passive, that is the option the paper's key has taken in such cases.

The passive is built by making the object the subject. If the verb has no object, there is nothing to move to the front, so no object, no passive. Writing be + V3 for such a verb is wrong.

1. Intransitive and linking verbs. These verbs are not followed by an object (go, come, appear, seem, look, live, fall, sleep, become...).

✘ It is seemed to be his only choice. (use seems)
✘ It was appeared to me that he had died. (drop was, write appeared)
✘ It was gone through many changes. (use went)
✘ I was come across this book by chance. (use came)

Linking verbs only describe the subject, so they never take the passive: How good he looks! has no passive. Appear is linking, but a transitive verb inside its infinitive can still be changed: Radhika appears to have injured her hand → Radhika’s hand appears to have been injured by her.

2. Reflexive and reciprocal pronouns. Even with an object, no passive is made when the object is a reflexive pronoun (themselves, herself) or a reciprocal pronoun (each other, one another).

✔ They enjoyed themselves. → No passive.
✔ We help each other. → No passive.

3. Intransitive verb + a closely related preposition. If the preposition is a part of the verb (laugh at, look at, look into, operate on, cheat on, sleep in), the object of the preposition can become the subject. The preposition must stay with the verb.

✔ The children are laughing at the beggar. → The beggar is being laughed at by the children.
✔ They were looking at the thief. → The thief was being looked at by them.
✔ The doctor operated on her wrist. → Her wrist was operated on by the doctor.
✔ Her uncle looked after her. → She was looked after by her uncle.

Other verbs of this kind: approve of, send for, talk about, refer to, rely on, hear of, write to. A simple check: if the preposition is a part of the verbal unit, the passive is possible. In go to, come from, go into, walk through, live in the preposition only introduces a place, so there is no passive: The park is being walked through is wrong.

4. Verbs that take a fixed preposition instead of by. Generally by is used in the passive, but some verbs take another preposition.

✔ Everybody knows Gandhi Ji. → Gandhi Ji is known to everybody.
✔ Your behaviour astonished me. → I was astonished at your behaviour.
✔ This book interests me. → I am interested in this book.

With feeling words, by is also seen in some places. If by appears with such words, it is not an error, but the fixed preposition is preferred when it is offered. Notice also that amused, interested describe the person who feels, while amusing, interesting describe the thing: Rashmi was quite amused is right when she felt the amusement.

Some verbs take two objects: an indirect object (the person who receives) and a direct object (the thing that is given). Give, tell, buy, send, show, teach are common examples. Such a sentence has two passives.

✔ I gave him a book. → A book was given to him by me. (Passive 1)
✔ I gave him a book. → He was given a book by me. (Passive 2)
✔ He did not buy her a shirt. → A shirt was not bought for her by him. / She was not bought a shirt by him.
✔ I bought a pen for my sister. → A pen was bought for my sister by me. / My sister was bought a pen by me.
✔ I told her a story. → A story was told to her by me. / She was told a story by me.

In Passive 1 the indirect object needs a small word in front of it: to with verbs like give, tell, send, show, lend, teach, and for with verbs like buy, make, cook, get.

> Both versions are correct. If the options give both, follow the opening word the question asks for. If no opening word is given, SSC keys usually take Passive 1, where the direct object becomes the subject. If only one of them is correct, choose that one.

Some sentences look like this but are not. In The teacher told the students to stand in a queue, the students is the object of told and to stand follows. The passive is The students were told to stand in a queue by the teacher.

Sometimes the main verb cannot be put in the passive, but the sentence still has an infinitive (to + verb) or an *-ing* form that can be. In that case we change the infinitive or the *-ing* word, and leave the main verb alone.

✔ There is nothing to do. → There is nothing to be done.
✔ They are going to launch a new company. → A new company is going to be launched by them.
✔ He appears to have done it. → It appears to have been done by him.
✔ I like people to praise me. → I like to be praised (by people).
✔ They want me to obey them. → They want to be obeyed by me.
✔ Manoj likes others to flatter him. → Manoj likes to be flattered by others.
✔ It is time to settle that dispute. → It is time for the dispute to be settled.
✔ The government expects citizens to pay taxes. → It is expected by the government that citizens pay taxes. / The government expects taxes to be paid by citizens.

In It is time to settle..., it is not a doer and time is not an action, so is does not change. Only the infinitive changes, and the new subject is put after for.

has / have / had + to + V1. Here the whole group has to stays and only the V1 is changed: has to + be + V3.

✔ We have to do this work. → This work has to be done by us.
✔ He has to repair this bag. → This bag has to be repaired by him.
✔ Do we have to accept this deal? → Does this deal have to be accepted?

The -ing form. If the main verb cannot be changed, an *-ing* word can be changed to being + V3.

✔ The patient remembers his son taking him to the hospital. → The patient remembers being taken to the hospital by his son.

Why is remember left alone? Because making remember passive would change the meaning. Only taking is changed. And the pronoun him is dropped, because the person remembering and the person taken are the same. Writing remember me being taken would need a reflexive pronoun, and a reflexive object has no passive.

These sentence types have their own patterns. Learn them as a small family.

A. Imperative sentences (command, request, advice, instruction). The sentence starts with V1, or with Do not, Never, Please, Let.

Without an object, the passive is made with You are ordered / requested / advised / warned + to + V1.

✔ Stop near the car. → You are ordered to stop near the car.
✔ Study honestly. → You are advised to study honestly.
✔ Please listen attentively. → You are requested to listen attentively.
✔ Work hard. → You are advised to work hard.
✔ Never go there. → You are advised never to go there.

With an object, there are two ways: Let + object + be + V3, or You are ordered / requested + to + V1 + object.

✔ Stop the car. → Let the car be stopped. / You are ordered to stop the car.
✔ Please explain this question. → Let this question be explained. / You are requested to explain this question.
✔ Lift the veil. → Let the veil be lifted.
✔ Please bring me a glass of water. → Let a glass of water be brought to me.

Which word to choose? Advice or moral suggestion: should + be + V3. Request (please): requested. Everything else (order, command, permission, instruction): Let.

✔ Respect our national flag. → Our national flag should be respected.
✔ Protect the weak. → The weak should be protected.
✔ Take the two pills with warm water. → The two pills should be taken with warm water. (A medicine is advised, not ordered.)

The words ordered, requested, advised are conventional choices; the original command may not carry that meaning. Keep the speech act (order, request, advice) the same.

Keep the verb of the sentence. Bring must not be changed to come, and suggested is not used with an infinitive.

Negative imperatives. In the Let form, not sits before be. In the advised form, not sits before to.

✔ Don’t park your car here. → Let your car not be parked here.
✔ Don’t abuse him. → Let him not be abused by you. / You are advised not to abuse him.
✔ Don’t go there. → You are forbidden to go there.
✔ Do not touch any items displayed on glass shelves. → No items displayed on glass shelves should be touched. (any cannot come after not.)

B. Sentences with Let. Let gives permission. In the passive, the direct object is put after Let and be + V3 follows. Never put to after Let.

✔ Let her join the group. → Let the group be joined (by her).
✔ Let him draw the portrait. → Let the portrait be drawn (by him).
✔ Let us revise these chapters again. → Let these chapters be revised again.
✔ Let me finish my point. → Let my point be finished (by me). / I should be allowed to finish my point.

When there is no direct object, use should / might be allowed to.

✔ Let him go. → He should be allowed to go.
✔ Let her study. → She should be allowed to study.
✔ Let him cry. → He should be allowed to cry. (Cry has no object, so Let him be cried is impossible.)

The passive of Let’s is made only with It is suggested.

✔ Let’s swim tomorrow. → It is suggested that we should swim tomorrow.
✔ Let’s play football. → It is suggested that we should play football.

C. Optative sentences (wish, prayer, blessing, curse). The pattern is *(May) + subject + V1 + object* in the active and *(May) + object + be + V3 + (by + doer)* in the passive.

✔ May God help the poor! → May the poor be helped (by God)!
✔ May God bless you! → May you be blessed!

If the verb is intransitive, there is no passive.

✔ May it rain soon! → No passive.
✔ Long live the king! → No passive.

D. Exclamatory sentences (sudden feelings, with What or How). The usual concepts apply. The what a... phrase is the object, so it comes first, and how + adverb stays in front.

✔ What a catch he took! → What a catch was taken by him!
✔ How beautifully she wrote the essay! → How beautifully the essay was written by her!

With a linking verb there is no passive: How good he looks!

A question is changed in two moves: first change the clause as if it were a statement, then put the question word or the helping verb back at the front. Do, does and did disappear, just as they do in statements.

A. Yes/No questions (they start with a helping verb). Bring the object forward after the helping verb and add the right be form.

✔ Can she write German? → Can German be written by her?
✔ Have they done it or not? → Has it been done by them or not?
✔ Did they invite you to the party? → Were you invited to the party by them?
✔ Didn’t you keep the heavy box in the attic? → Wasn’t the heavy box kept in the attic by you?
✔ Are fossil fuels not impacting human health? → Is human health not being impacted by fossil fuels?

B. Questions with why, where, when, how. The question word stays first. The rest is changed as above.

✔ Why has he bought so many chairs? → Why have so many chairs been bought by him?
✔ Where will the team play the next match? → Where will the next match be played by the team?
✔ How should we contact the manager? → How should the manager be contacted by us?
✔ Why were they planning a trip? → Why was a trip being planned by them?
✔ Why didn’t your father accompany you? → Why were you not accompanied by your father?

C. Who and whom. Who is the subject, whom is the object.

✔ Who can translate this book? → By whom can this book be translated?
✔ Who gave you this book? → By whom were you given this book?
✔ Who broke the glass? → By whom was the glass broken?
✔ Whom is the mob calling? → Who is being called by the mob?
✔ Whom do you teach? → Who is taught by you?
✔ Who has the police arrested? → Who has been arrested by the police?

By can also go to the end: Who was the glass broken by? Writing By whom first is preferred.

Now the reverse. In the active, By whom becomes Who, and there is no did / does with it: By whom was this done? → Who did this?; By whom is this rule obeyed? → Who obeys this rule?

D. What and which. These two can be the subject or the object, so check which one it is in the sentence.

✔ What worries him? → By what is he worried? (What is the subject.)
✔ What can you do? → What can be done by you? (What is the object.)
✔ Which book did he read? → Which book was read by him?

The concept that holds everywhere: the question word stays at the front, and did / does never appear in the passive.

In the passive the old subject comes after by, but it can also be dropped. The meaning of the passive often becomes clearer without it.

When is by + doer dropped?

• The doer is obvious. The reader can guess it from the verb.

✔ The doctor treated the patient with utmost care. → The patient was treated with utmost care.
✔ Police have arrested some poachers. → Some poachers have been arrested.
✔ The thief was arrested (by the police). The lesson was taught (by the teacher). Income tax was collected.

• An indefinite pronoun is the subject (someone, somebody).

✔ Someone has stolen my new bags. → My new bags have been stolen.
✔ One should keep one’s promise. → Promises should be kept.

• The subject is you, we, they or one in a general sense (the generic pronouns, meaning people).

✔ You need a good knowledge of English to crack the SSC exam. → A good knowledge of English is needed to crack the SSC exam.
✔ We discovered fire a long time ago. → Fire was discovered a long time ago.
✔ They speak English in America. → English is spoken in America.
✔ They should keep criminals in prison. → Criminals should be kept in prison.
✔ One should never criticise a teacher. → A teacher should never be criticised.
✔ People eat rice in many countries. → Rice is eaten in many countries.

• The doer is not known.

✔ Bronze was discovered around 3500 BC. His books were stolen. This device can’t be repaired.

• Legal and official style.

✔ Trespassers should be punished. The law has been abolished. The documents must be filed at court.

• The doer is irrelevant.

✔ Rahul’s application has been rejected. Your Instagram account is verified now.

> Keep by + doer when it is the new or important information. Hamlet was written by Shakespeare loses its point without by Shakespeare.

Where does by + doer go? When other phrases sit in the sentence, their order matters.

More examples: *The door was painted red. He was found guilty. He was accused of theft by the police. The work was completed by her in a hurry* (a long adverb goes after). A phrase like due to cannot be turned into by.

When the object of a verb is a whole clause (that he will never tell a lie again), we do not move the clause to the front. We start the passive with the introductory subject It.

✔ Pawan has decided that he will never tell a lie again. → It has been decided by Pawan that he will never tell a lie again.
✔ My parents hope that I will achieve my goal. → It is hoped by my parents that I will achieve my goal.
✔ Virat Kohli expected to win this match. → It was expected by Virat Kohli that he would win this match.
✔ We hope to finish this project soon. → It is hoped by us that we shall finish this project soon.
✔ We hope that we will win the match against Australia. → It is hoped that the match against Australia shall be won by us.

Usually the clause after that is left alone and only the verb before it goes into the passive. Some questions also put the clause itself into the passive, as in the last example above and in the next one.

✔ Do you think the government will accept our demands? → Do you think that our demands will be accepted by the government? (Do you think does not change; only the that clause does.)

Think, believe, say, guess, imagine, expect. With these verbs, there is a second way: the subject of the clause becomes the subject, and an infinitive follows. Use it only when the meaning does not change.

✔ Everyone thinks that Rajat speaks English well. → It is thought that Rajat speaks English well. / Rajat is thought to speak English well.
✔ People believe that ghosts have long teeth and nails. → It is believed that ghosts have long teeth and nails. / Ghosts are believed to have long teeth and nails.
✔ Everyone thinks that he can do that work easily. → It is thought that he can do that work easily. / He is thought to be able to do that work easily.
✔ Everyone says the moon has magical powers. → The moon is said to have magical powers.
✔ They think the governor has resigned. → The governor is thought to have resigned.
✔ They think the governor will resign. → The governor is thought to resign soon. (Soon keeps the idea of the future.)

The tense decides the infinitive. A present idea in the clause gives to + V1; a past idea gives to have + V3.

Going back to the active, the general doer people is added: It is said that Einstein was a genius → People say that Einstein was a genius. And Some students are known to grow wise early → People know that some students grow wise early.

A small point about that. I think you are honest and I think that you are honest are both right. That can be dropped only when nothing stands between the verb and the clause.

Finite and non-finite verb in one sentence. When a sentence has two verbs, write by + doer with the verb for which it is the doer.

✔ Raman gave him mangoes to eat. → Mangoes were given to him by Raman to eat.
✘ Mangoes were given to him to eat by Raman.
✔ We hope to finish this project soon. → It is hoped by us that we shall finish this project soon.

In the first sentence Raman is the doer of gave, not of eat, so by Raman stays next to were given.

Phrases attached to the object. If the object of the verb is followed by an adjectival phrase or clause, that phrase goes with the noun to the front. If it is an adverbial phrase, it stays where it is.

✔ She bought a dress with red flowers. → A dress with red flowers was bought by her. (With red flowers describes the dress.)
✔ He ate the mango in the garden. → The mango was eaten by him in the garden. (In the garden tells us where.)

Two clauses in one sentence. The exam changes the clause(s) that can take a passive. If the question does not say which, change the main clause as the default. If the main clause cannot be changed, change the subordinate clause. It is not necessary that every clause that can take a passive must change unless the question requires it.

✔ Ram did the work when we called him. → The work was done by Ram when he was called by us. / The work was done by Ram when we called him.
✔ Ravi asked me what I had seen there. → I was asked by Ravi what I had seen there.
✔ They promised him that they would work hard. → He was promised by them that they would work hard.

With after and before clauses the whole clause must be written: After the assignment had been completed by him, it was submitted to the teacher. In clauses joined by and, the common words can be dropped; in subordinate clauses the full clause is written.

One more caution. The intransitive clause does not change: which then went viral stays active, and when the house caught fire stays as it is.

1. Negative pronouns. If the subject is a negative pronoun (nobody, no one, nothing, none), the passive takes not with the verb and uses the any word after by. If the verb has not and the object has any, the passive has a negative word as the subject.

✔ Nobody should laugh at poor people. → Poor people should not be laughed at by anybody.
✔ No one invited her. → She was not invited by anyone. / She was invited by no one. (Both are correct; the first is the usual form.)
✔ Manoj does not trust anybody. → Nobody is trusted by Manoj.
✘ Anybody is not trusted by Manoj.

> Anybody cannot stand at the start as the subject of a negative sentence: Anybody is not trusted is wrong. Say Nobody is trusted or Not everybody is trusted. After the verb, not … by anyone is correct (The work was not done by anyone).

Nobody was helped (no one) is different from Not everybody was helped (some were).

A perfect modal with a negative subject follows the same concept: No one could have anticipated such a backlash → Such a backlash could not have been anticipated.

2. Verbs of senses: feel, taste, smell. These work both as action verbs and as linking verbs. When they are linking verbs (tastes sweet), a true passive is not possible. Exams use an explanatory paraphrase with when instead.

✔ This fruit tastes sweet. → This fruit is sweet when it is tasted.
✔ The surface felt hot. → The surface was hot when it was felt.
✔ The flowers smell sweet. → The flowers are sweet when they are smelt.
✔ The dirt smelt awful. → The dirt was awful when it was smelt.

The words it is or they are after when can also be dropped. If the sense verb is a real action (She tasted the soup), it is an ordinary transitive verb and the usual passive applies.

3. Causative verbs.

Make / bid. The infinitive to comes back in the passive.

✔ He made me go. → I was made to go (by him).
✔ He made me do all the work. → I was made to do all the work (by him).
✔ They made him carry the box. → He was made to carry the box.
✔ He bade me go. → I was bidden to go (by him).

Get / have. Get and have do not change into a be form. They stay as they are, and the second object comes forward with V3.

✔ Get a boy to complete the task. → Get the task completed by a boy.
✔ Have Pawan clean it. → Have it cleaned by Pawan.
✔ Sagar has had a dentist remove his tooth. → Sagar has had his tooth removed (by a dentist).

When the doer is a profession and clear from the sentence, by a dentist is dropped.

4. See / hear + object + -ing. The person seen becomes the subject, and the *-ing* phrase stays with him.

✔ Bhavna saw him carrying your suitcase. → He was seen by Bhavna carrying your suitcase.

The newer Voice questions do not give a single sentence. They give a short passage of two or three sentences, and each sentence is in a different tense. Four options follow, and every option is the whole passage in the other voice.

✔ Thieves had stolen the museum's painting last night. The police have since recovered it. They will return it to the museum on Monday.
✔ The museum's painting had been stolen by thieves last night. It has since been recovered by the police. It will be returned to the museum on Monday.

Look at what happened. The first sentence is past perfect, so had been stolen. The second is present perfect, so has been recovered. The third is simple future, so will be returned. Each sentence is converted on its own, and its tense stays as it was. The word it in the second and third sentences is the painting, which became the subject of the first.

Where the slips hide. In these questions the wrong options are not wild. Every wrong option has exactly one small slip, hidden in one place of one sentence.

Slip-hunting, step by step.

• Read the stem first, with its instruction. Some stems give an unusual order: change only the second sentence, or keep one word unchanged and make only the other part passive. *Keep 'hates' unchanged and make only the questioning part passive: Radhika hates the police questioning her.* The answer is Radhika hates being questioned by the police.
• Note the tense of each sentence in the stem: past perfect, present perfect, future.
• Read option A fully, one sentence at a time, against that list of tenses. If a slip is found, cross A out.
• For B, C and D read only the words that differ from A. The rest is the same, so there is no need to read it again. This saves a lot of time in a long passage.
• If two options survive, compare only their differences. The slip that remains unchecked is usually the *by*-phrase, a pronoun or the number of be.

Here is how the method works on the painting passage. Suppose the four options differ like this.

Only the differences were read, and three wrong options fell in a few seconds.

CGL 2025 gave several Voice questions built on structures like is believed to have been acquired and is understood to have been reviewed. These sentences carry a perfect infinitive (to have + V3), which shows an action that happened before the main verb. When the voice is changed, only one thing needs attention: how the infinitive changes.

The four forms of an infinitive.

Concept 1: perfect passive and perfect active. To have been + V3 in the passive becomes to have + V3 in the active, and the doer after by becomes the subject.

✔ The land is believed to have been acquired illegally by the company. → The company is believed to have acquired the land illegally.
✔ The old fort is said to have been built by a local king. → A local king is said to have built the old fort.
✔ The police are believed to have arrested the thief. → The thief is believed to have been arrested by the police.

Concept 2: the main verb keeps its tense. Is believed, is understood, was said are not touched. Only the infinitive and the two nouns move.

✔ The draft is understood to have been reviewed by the legal department. → The legal department is understood to have reviewed the draft.

Concept 3: simple or perfect infinitive? Compare the time of the action with the time of the main verb.

✔ He seems to be happy. (He is happy now.)
✔ He seems to have been happy. (He was happy earlier.)

Concept 4: modal perfect passive. After a modal the active is modal + have + V3 and the passive is modal + have been + V3. It is have, never had.

✔ The article ought to have been revised by the editor. → The editor ought to have revised the article.
✔ The guests must have been informed by the coordinator. → The coordinator must have informed the guests.
✔ The work should have been completed yesterday.
✘ The work should had been completed yesterday. (use have)

Concept 5: It is said that… and … is said to …. When the *that*-clause is in the past, the infinitive form becomes to have been.

✔ It is said that he was a great king. → He is said to have been a great king.
✔ It is said that the temple was built in the 12th century. → The temple is said to have been built in the 12th century.

The perfect infinitive in error spotting. SSC asks the same structures as error spotting. Four places need attention.

• seem, appear, be said, be reported + to have + V3 for an earlier action. After to have only V3 is possible.

✘ He is said to have went abroad last year. (use gone)
✔ Radhika seems to have left the office already.

• would like, would love, would prefer + to have + V3 for a wish that was not fulfilled. Put the perfect on one side only.

✔ I would like to have seen the Taj Mahal. (I could not see it.)
✔ I would have liked to see the Taj Mahal.
✘ I would have liked to have seen the Taj Mahal. (the perfect is used twice)

• meant, intended, hoped, expected + to have + V3 for a plan that was not carried out. This is the formal way of saying it.

✔ I meant to have called you, but I forgot.
✔ He hoped to have finished the report by Monday.

• Modal + have + V3, never had.

✘ The files must had been deleted by someone. (use have been)

> In a Voice question, the wrong options usually change the infinitive: to have been becomes to be, or to have misallocated becomes to misallocate. Match the infinitive first.

This unit collects the structures that SSC keeps for the most difficult option of a Voice question. Each has one small point that decides the answer.

1. Gerund passive: being + V3. After verbs like hate, like, love, enjoy, avoid, dislike, remember, mind, the *-ing* word becomes being + V3. The main verb stays as it is.

✔ Radhika hates the police questioning her. → Radhika hates being questioned by the police.
✔ The child enjoys her mother telling her stories. → The child enjoys being told stories by her mother.
✔ Nobody likes people criticising him. → Nobody likes being criticised.

The person who hates and the person questioned are the same, so her disappears. If a stem says keep 'hate' unchanged, never turn the main verb into is hated.

2. Infinitive passive: to be + V3. With want, expect, like, need and an object, the object becomes the subject of the to be clause.

✔ I want somebody to repair my watch. → I want my watch to be repaired.
✔ She expects the manager to approve her leave. → She expects her leave to be approved by the manager.
✔ They want me to obey them. → They want to be obeyed by me.

3. See, hear, watch, make + object + bare infinitive. In the active the infinitive has no to. In the passive the to comes back.

✔ They saw him carry the box. → He was seen to carry the box.
✔ We heard her sing a song. → She was heard to sing a song.
✔ They made him pay the fine. → He was made to pay the fine.
✘ He was seen carry the box. (use to carry)

If the active has an *-ing* form (saw him carrying), the passive keeps it: He was seen carrying the box.

4. is / are / was going to + V1. The group going to stays. The V1 becomes be + V3.

✔ They are going to demolish the old school. → The old school is going to be demolished.
✘ The old school is going to demolished. (be is missing)

5. The Let-passive. Let + object + be + V3 is the passive of Let + doer + V1. In the active the order is often given directly.

✔ Let the vote of thanks be given by him. → Let him give the vote of thanks.
✔ Let the documents be submitted by Friday. → Submit the documents by Friday.
✔ Let no stone be left unturned. → Leave no stone unturned.
✔ Let him cover the car. → Let the car be covered by him.

6. The interrogative passive with perfect and continuous tenses. The helping verbs keep their order. By whom is the passive form of Who, and who in the active needs no do / did.

✔ By whom was this novel written? → Who wrote this novel?
✔ By whom has the report been prepared? → Who has prepared the report?
✔ Why aren't the rules being followed by the players? → Why are the players not following the rules?
✔ When were these pamphlets being distributed? → When were they distributing these pamphlets?