Which of the following effects does a rise in the price of goods have on consumer surplus?

वस्तुओं की कीमत में वृद्धि का उपभोक्ता अधिशेष (consumer surplus) पर निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा प्रभाव पड़ता है?

Consumer surplus is the difference between what a consumer is willing to pay and what is actually paid. When the market price rises, the gap between willingness to pay and the price paid narrows, so consumer surplus falls.

Consumer surplus is the area below the demand curve and above the price line.

A fall in price raises consumer surplus; a rise in price reduces it.

The concept of consumer surplus was popularised by Alfred Marshall, based on diminishing marginal utility.