In living organisms, a wide range of biochemical reactions occur rapidly, are accelerated by highly specific biological molecules that lower the activation energy without being consumed during the process. What are such naturally occurring biological catalysts commonly known as?

जीवित जीवों में, जैव रासायनिक अभिक्रियाओं की एक विस्तृत श्रृंखला तेजी से होती है, जो अत्यधिक विशिष्ट जैविक अणुओं द्वारा त्वरित होती हैं जो सक्रियण ऊर्जा (activation energy) को कम करते हैं बिना प्रक्रिया के दौरान उपभुक्त हुए। ऐसे प्राकृतिक रूप से पाए जाने वाले जैविक उत्प्रेरकों को सामान्यतः क्या कहा जाता है?

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions in living organisms. They are highly specific and lower the activation energy required for a reaction, without being consumed in the process. Most enzymes are proteins, but some are RNA molecules called ribozymes. Each enzyme catalyzes a particular reaction, such as digestion, respiration, or DNA replication. Promoters and inhibitors influence enzyme activity but are not catalysts themselves. Adsorbents are materials that adsorb molecules onto a surface and do not act as catalysts. Enzymes function through an active site where the substrate binds, forming an enzyme-substrate complex. They are essential for life and operate under mild conditions of temperature and pH.