A statement is divided into segments. Rearrange them to form a coherent and grammatically complete sentence. (P) revealing previously unknown geological formations such as extensive underwater mountain chains and deep-sea hydrothermal vent systems, (Q) which carry significant implications for marine biology, climate science, and resource management in the twenty-first century, (R) yet more than eighty per cent of the ocean floor remains unmapped at high resolution (S) modern ocean-floor mapping technologies have transformed our understanding of submarine topography,
Answer और ExplanationAnswer and explanation
Answer: (B) SPQR
S में Subject (कर्ता) और Verb (क्रिया) दोनों हैं ('modern ocean-floor mapping technologies have transformed our understanding'), इसलिए यही वाक्य की शुरुआत करता है। P ('revealing previously unknown geological formations...') एक Participle phrase (कृदंत पदबंध) है, जो S में बताए गए बदलाव का परिणाम बताता है। Q ('which carry significant implications...') में 'which' का संबंध P के 'formations' से है, इसलिए Q को P के तुरंत बाद आना होगा। अंत में R ('yet more than eighty per cent of the ocean floor remains unmapped') 'yet' के साथ विरोधाभास रखकर वाक्य पूरा करता है। क्रम S P Q R है। S P R Q में 'which' अपने Noun (संज्ञा) 'formations' से कट जाता है और 'ocean floor' से जुड़ने लगता है, जो तर्कसंगत नहीं है।
Exam trap: 'revealing' वाले P या 'yet' वाले R को पहले रखना ही वह जाल है; Subject-Verb वाला S पहले आता है।
S has both a subject and a verb ('modern ocean-floor mapping technologies have transformed our understanding'), so it opens the sentence. P ('revealing previously unknown geological formations...') is a participle phrase that describes the result of the change in S. Q ('which carry significant implications...') refers to 'formations' in P, so Q must come right after P. R ('yet more than eighty per cent of the ocean floor remains unmapped') ends the sentence with a contrast using 'yet'. The order is S P Q R. In S P R Q, 'which' would be detached from its noun 'formations' and would seem to refer to 'ocean floor', which is not logical.
✓ Correct sentence: Modern ocean-floor mapping technologies have transformed our understanding..., revealing previously unknown geological formations ..., which carry significant implications ..., yet more than eighty per cent of the ocean floor remains unmapped.
Exam trap: placing the participle segment (P) or the 'yet' segment (R) first is the trap; the subject-verb segment S comes first.
