Antonin Artaud was associated with Surrealism and avant-garde theatre. His eventual departure from Surrealism made him develop the Theatre of Cruelty and publish its theories in the work called Theatre and Its Double. He removed the barrier between the performers and the audience. He made use of oversized props, lighting effects, groans, screams and verbal incantations to strike the audience's emotions and senses with an array of technical effects in order to make them face the unreal, ugly and grotesque pain. The whole idea of the theatre of cruelty was to leave a lasting impact on the psychology of the audience.